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I implemented new functions and scripts to enable optimization for ocean heat content (in addition to temperature and CO2). By optimizing for all three variables using the NMSE with uncertainty metric and the Matilda paper's bounds for ocean heat diffusivity, I was able to get much better results for ocean heat content at the cost of slightly worse CO2 accuracy.
Something worth noting about the current NMSE with uncertainty metric is that I realized the bounds for OHC are +/- 1 standard deviation, while the bounds for temperature are a 95% confidence interval. I considered using a 95% confidence interval for OHC as well, but I was concerned that using such a large confidence interval for OHC would lead to it basically being ignored while optimizing. When I implement mean variance-standardized squared error, I plan to account for this discrepancy.
Graphs of these results are shown below: